[23번 지문 분석]

1. 문장 구조 분석 (내신 핵심 문법 중심)

(1) Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the very start.
→ was said to have been : ‘~였다고 전해진다’ → 수동태 + to부정사 완료형 (과거 사실에 대한 전언).
→ melting pot : 다양한 인종·문화가 섞인 장소(비유적 표현).
어휘: melting pot (용광로, 다문화 사회), from the very start (처음부터)

(2) The historian Livy claimed the city’s original population was comprised of immigrants flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus’s deliberate policy of nondiscrimination.
→ was comprised of : 수동태 표현(“~로 구성되었다”).
→ flooding in from all directions : 현재분사로 immigrants 수식(“사방에서 몰려드는”).
→ attracted by~ : 과거분사구로 원인/수동 의미.
어휘: comprise (~으로 구성되다), deliberate (의도적인), nondiscrimination (비차별)

(3) It was this initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the foundations for the later strength and success of the city.
→ It ~ that ... : 강조 구문 (It was ~ that ...).
→ laid the foundations for : “~의 기초를 마련하다” 관용 표현.
어휘: openness (개방성), foundation (토대), strength (힘)

(4) Romans described their city as multicultural in the generations after its foundation.
→ describe A as B : A를 B라고 묘사하다.
→ in the generations after its foundation : 전치사구 시간 부사구.
어휘: multicultural (다문화의), generation (세대), foundation (창립, 건설)

(5) Tradition held that only a minority of the city’s legendary kings were Roman-born, with the others all arriving as immigrants before being chosen for the throne for their virtues and merits.
→ Tradition held that... : “전통적으로 ~라고 여겨졌다.”
→ with the others... : 분사구문 (부대상황 표현).
→ before being chosen : 전치사 before + 동명사 수동 형태.
어휘: minority (소수), virtue (덕목), merit (공로), throne (왕위)

(6) As the empire expanded across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new cultural influences and absorbed incoming groups ― perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the poet Juvenal, complained about the rapid rate of cultural change.
→ As : 시간/이유의 접속사 (“~함에 따라”).
→ who, like the poet Juvenal, : 동격적 삽입구.
→ complained about : ~에 대해 불평하다.
어휘: adopt (채택하다), absorb (흡수하다), influence (영향), complain about (~에 대해 불평하다)

2. 문법 포인트 요약

  • 수동태 + to부정사 완료형 : was said to have been (과거 사실의 전언)

  • 현재분사 / 과거분사 수식 : immigrants flooding in..., attracted by...

  • 강조구문 : It was ~ that...

  • 분사구문 : with the others arriving...

  • 접속사 As : 시간 또는 이유 (“~하면서 / ~때문에”)

  • before being chosen : 전치사 + 동명사 수동형 구조

3. 괄호 넣기 변형 문제

다음 괄호 안에서 문맥상 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
(출제 포인트: 수동태, 분사구문, 강조구문, 접속사, 전치사+동명사)

(1) Rome was said (to be / to have been) a melting pot from the very start.
(2) The city’s population was comprised (of / with) immigrants flooding in from all directions.
(3) It was this initial openness that (lay / laid) the foundations for the city’s success.
(4) With the others (arriving / arrived) as immigrants before being chosen for the throne.
(5) As the empire (expanded / expanding) across three continents, Rome absorbed new groups.


정답 및 해설
(1) to have been — 수동태 + 완료부정사 : 과거 사실 표현.
(2) of — be comprised of : “~으로 구성되다” 관용 표현.
(3) laid — lay의 과거형(“놓았다”).
(4) arriving — 분사구문, 부대상황 표현.
(5) expanded — As + 주어 + 과거동사 : 시간의 접속사 절.


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